托福詞匯題常見的詞匯關系有哪些
這里的語境就是我們所要閱讀的文章的上下文。一般來說通過上下文推斷或者猜測詞意，上下文中可以利用的信息為，例句，對比詞，同義詞，反義詞或者其他段落的解釋等。此外，文章中一些特定搭配關系也可以幫助我們找到正確的答案。IBT的詞匯題考的都是近義詞，題目常見的問法如下：The word (or phrase) X is closest in meaning to ……, the word (or phrase) x could be best replaced by X。做這類題目，判斷所考察詞匯在原句中與其周圍詞匯的關系是關鍵，此外還要注意所考察詞匯的詞性。下面我們來看看常見的五種可以幫助我們迅速找到詞匯題答案的特殊關系。
五類常見的詞匯關系：
1. 直接反義關系—該詞前或后出現(xiàn)的內容提示我們是反義關系。 表示相反概念的詞語如下rather than，instead，unlike，contrast，on the contrary.
例如:
The main conflict in the novel is between a mother who places a high value on hard
work and honor and a son who repudiates his mother’s values instead preferring the easier path to fortune and celebrity
The word repudiates in the passage in closest in meaning to __
A) refuses to accept B) lives up to C) tries to understand D) makes the best of
假如repudiates我們不認識，從后面的小詞 instead 這個詞判定兒子和***價值觀念是相反的，由此信息看四個選項，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)只有A選項帶有否定的意味
2.并列關系：并列關系詞如下： and，not only ..but also，as…as，and，both … and，either… or neither… nor
例如:
She embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.
The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to
A) took a trip to B) started out on C) improved upon D) had a opinion about
回到原文看embarked on周圍的詞語和它在這個句子中的作用。在這句中關健詞 and 其后出現(xiàn)soon began告訴我們前后方向是一致的，前面也必然和began有關，所以本題目的正解是B。
3.解釋關系:后面的句子或短詞,單詞來解釋前面的詞。常見的標志詞:Contribute to，be responsible for，account for，since ，therefore ，for，because，in which等
例如:
His big break came with the novel So big(1924) ,which was awarded the Pulitzer in literature.
The word break in this sentence could best be replaced by ___
A) Rupture B) revelation C) opportunity D) rest
which was awarded the Pulitzer in Literature告訴我們一定考查的是正態(tài)度，所以答案不可能是A） D），所以應該選 C） Opportunity 是一種有利的狀態(tài)或合適的時機。
4. 動賓關系：看看賓語能否受動詞支配，或從動詞短語搭配去判定.
例如:
The oxidation of exhaust gases is one of primary sources of the world’s pollutions. The brown haze that is poised over some of the world’s largest cities is properly called photochemical smog.
The word poised in this sentence is closest in meaning to__
A) interacting B) sitting C) blowing D) poisoning
首先從搭配關系上可以排除 interacting ,interact with 然后可以從上下文關系排除 blowing over 因為吹走了就是不會有smog.而poison考試中及物才有pollute的含義，不及物只有一種含義表示投毒。
5. 形容詞修飾名詞關系：
例如:
When the gas reaches the air, it comes into contact with available oxygen from atmosphere and combines with the oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide (No2), which is a gas with a brownish hue.
The word hue in this sentence is closest in meaning to
A）color B）odor C）thickness D）smoke
對于本題你會發(fā)現(xiàn)有個小詞brownish 呈褐色的，首先從形容詞修飾名詞關系可以直接排除B odor C thickness， 其次可以通過 a gas with brownish hue前面的 gas 排除 D smoke，用詞重復。所以正確答案是A。
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