常用的英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)的詳細(xì)講解
1.to get on : (to enter, board)
【說(shuō)明：】to get on(搭乘，上車(chē))動(dòng)詞get的用法很多，常常在后面接用各種不同的介系詞或副詞而形成意義不同的習(xí)語(yǔ)。這里的on是介系詞，后面的bus和subway用作它的受詞。如果on作副詞用，則有進(jìn)步，相處甚好，與年事已長(zhǎng)的意思。
【例：】
(1) I always get on the bus at 34th Street.
我總是在34街搭乘公共汽車(chē)。
(2) William gets on the subway at the same station every morning.
威廉每天早晨在同一車(chē)站搭乘地下火車(chē)。
2.to get off : (to leave, descend from)
說(shuō)明：】to get off (下車(chē))與上面的get on相反。Get off也有好些其它的意義，如寄出，離開(kāi)等。下車(chē)也可以用alight from或get out of a carriage或motor car,不過(guò)下電車(chē)或公共汽車(chē)多用get off .
【例：】
(1) Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street.
海倫在42街下公共汽車(chē)。
(2) At what station do you usually get off the subway
你通常在那一站下地下火車(chē)
3.to put on: (to place on oneself-said particularly of clothes)
【說(shuō)明：】
to put on (穿，戴)特別指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼鏡也用這個(gè)成語(yǔ)。英文中還有wear和dress二字也是穿的意思�？墒莣ear是繼續(xù)的動(dòng)作，表示穿著的狀態(tài)，而put on是一時(shí)的動(dòng)作。下面兩個(gè)句子都是錯(cuò)的：
I shall wear my overcoat before I go out (應(yīng)用put on). In such cold weather I put on my overcoat all day (應(yīng)用wear).dress的意思是
①put clothes on后面的受詞一定是人，如dress a child, dress oneself, be dressed in white,
②put on clothes, vk Get up and dress quickly. (快點(diǎn)起來(lái)穿好衣服。)
【例：】
(1) Mary put on her hat and left the room.
瑪麗戴上她的帽子就離開(kāi)這屋子。
(2) Why is John putting on his hat and coat
約翰為什么穿衣戴帽呢
4.to take off : (to remove-said also of clothes)
【說(shuō)明：】to take off (脫去)與put on的意義相反，指脫去衣物鞋帽.民可以用put off,但較不通用。
【例：】
(1) John took off his hat as he entered the room.
約翰在這屋時(shí)脫下他的帽子。
(2) Is Helen taking off her coat because it is too warm in the room
海倫是不是因?yàn)槭覂?nèi)太暖和而脫去她的外衣呢
5.to call up: (to telephone)
【說(shuō)明：】to call up (打電話給)后面一定要有受詞，也就是接電話的人。如果受詞是代名詞的話，常插在call與up之間。
【例：】
(1) I forgot to call up Mr. Jones yesterday although I promised to call him up exactly at three oclock.
我昨天忘記打電話給鐘斯先生，雖然我答應(yīng)了在三點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候打電話給他的。
(2) Did anyone call me up while I was out
我出去的時(shí)候有人打電話來(lái)找我嗎
6.to turn on : (to start, begin)
【說(shuō)明：】to turn on (扭開(kāi)，打開(kāi))指扭開(kāi)電燈，電爐，電扇，煤氣等的按鈕或開(kāi)關(guān)，以及自來(lái)水的水龍頭等而言。開(kāi)電燈也可以用put on the light.
【例：】
(1) Please turn on the light. This room is dark.
請(qǐng)你扭開(kāi)電燈，這房間太黑暗了。
(2) Someone turned on the radiator in this room while we were out.
我們外出時(shí)，有人把房?jī)?nèi)的電爐扭開(kāi)了。
7.to turn off : (to stop, terminate extinguish)
【說(shuō)明：】
to turn off (關(guān)閉，停止)指扭熄電燈，關(guān)閉無(wú)線電、自來(lái)水等。關(guān)燈也可以用put out the light.
【例：】
(1) Please turn off the light. We do not need it now.
請(qǐng)把電燈關(guān)了，我們現(xiàn)在不需要它。
(2) Shall I turn off the radio or are you still listening to it
我可以把收音機(jī)關(guān)掉嗎，你是不是還要收聽(tīng)呢
8.right away : (immediately, at once, very soon)
【說(shuō)明：】right away (立刻，馬上)為美國(guó)口頭語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有immediately與at once正式，系一副詞片語(yǔ)，與right now (exactly now )的意思相仿。
【例：】
(1) She says that dinner will be ready right away.
她說(shuō)晚餐馬上就準(zhǔn)備好了。
(2) Can William come to my office right away
威廉能夠立刻就到我的辦公室來(lái)嗎
9.to pick up : (to take-especially with fingers)
【說(shuō)明：】to pick up (拾起，揀起)尤指用手指把東西拿起業(yè)而言。To pick up還有很多其它的用法。如
�、僮屓舜畋丬�(chē)：
The motorist picked up a couple of servicemen along the highway
(這個(gè)乘汽車(chē)的人在公路上讓兩個(gè)軍人搭乘便車(chē)。)
�、诼�(tīng)會(huì)，自然學(xué)會(huì)，(言語(yǔ)，游戲等)：
He never studied French; what he knows he picked up while living in France.
(他從來(lái)沒(méi)有學(xué)過(guò)法文;他所知道的是他住在法國(guó)的時(shí)候聽(tīng)會(huì)的。)
�、圩阶�，逮捕，萍水相逢便行訂交，選出：
I picked up London lastnight.
(昨晚我在無(wú)線電聽(tīng)到了倫敦的播音。)
【例：】
(1) John Picked up the newspaper which was on his desk.
約翰把書(shū)桌上的報(bào)紙拿了起來(lái)。
(2) Why didnt you pick up that pencil which lay on the floor
你為什么不把地板上的那枝鉛筆拾起來(lái)呢
10.at once: (immediately, very soon, right away)
【說(shuō)明：】
at once (立刻，馬上)為一級(jí)通用的副詞片語(yǔ)，也可以作為同時(shí)(simultaneously)解，如
This book is at once interesting and instructive.
(此書(shū)既有趣又有益。)
【例：】
(1) He asked me to come to his office at once.
他請(qǐng)我立刻就到他的辦公室去。
(2) I want you to send this telegram at once.
我希望你馬上把這電報(bào)發(fā)出去。
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