職稱英語綜合類A真題閱讀理解第2篇

時間：2024-10-11 11:42:54 夏仙職稱英語

職稱英語綜合類A真題閱讀理解第2篇

　　在學習和工作的日常里，我們都不可避免地要接觸到試題，借助試題可以更好地檢查參考者的學習能力和其它能力。什么類型的試題才能有效幫助到我們呢？下面是小編為大家收集的職稱英語綜合類A真題閱讀理解第2篇，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。

職稱英語綜合類A真題閱讀理解第2篇

　　職稱英語綜合類A真題閱讀理解第2篇 1

　　Scientists have long understood that supermassive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close.The black hotels gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star，an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours，once it gets close enough.

　　Scientists say this Uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star.The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within.Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，France1，carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star‘s life，as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.

　　When the star gets close enough，the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape.Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart.But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.

　　The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail，and found that even when their effects are included，the conditions favor a nuclear explosion.“There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed，” Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star，it saves some of the star‘s matter from being devoured by the black hole.The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black hole‘s reach，he says.

　　The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed，although at a much later stage.It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart，its matter starts swirling into the hole itself.It heats up as it does so，releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.

　　If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode，then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage，says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York，US2.“It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough，” he says.

　　Brassart agrees.“Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays，but it‘s something that needs to be more studied，” he says.Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos，New Mexico，US3，says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate，and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their case that they explode in the process.

　　詞匯：

　　supermassive adj.特大質量的

　　imbalance/im5bAlEns/n.不平衡，不平衡

　　veer/ viE/v.轉向，改變方向

　　flatten/5flAtn/v.使成扁平，夷平

　　pancake/5pAnkeik/n.薄煎餅

　　obliterate/E5blitEreit/v.抹去，除去，消除

　　devour/di5vauE(r)/v.吞沒;毀滅

　　swirl/swE：l/打旋，旋動

　　gamma rays γ 射線

　　supernova/7sju：pE5nEuvE/n.超新星

　　注釋：

　　1. the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon，France：位于法國默頓的巴黎天文臺。Observatoire de Paris：法文，即observatory of Paris.默頓位于巴黎西南部郊區。

　　2. Columbia University in New York，US：美國紐約哥倫比亞大學，長青藤聯盟校之一。創建于1756年，當時名為“國王學院”。美國獨立后，為了紀念發現美洲新大陸的哥倫比亞就改為哥倫比亞學院，直到1921年成為一所綜合大學。1897年，該校遷址曼哈頓上城區校區。

　　3. the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos，Mexico，US：位于美國新墨西哥州洛斯阿拉莫斯的'洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室。洛斯阿拉莫斯是世界上第一顆原子彈和第一顆氫彈的誕生地，它占地110平方公里，擁有1萬多名雇員，其中研究人員3 500名。

　　職稱英語綜合類A真題閱讀理解第2篇 2

　　The Sahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs(熱帶大草原）of northern Nigeria and South Sudan. The word sahel comes from Arabic and means marginal or transitional , and this is a good description of these semi-arid(半干旱）lands, which occupy much of the Western African countries of Mail, Mauritania, Niger, and Chad.

　　Unfortunately, over the last century the Sahara desert has steadily crept southwards eating into once productive Sahel lands. United Nations surveys show that over 70 percent of the dry land in agriculture use in Africa has deteriorated over the last 30 years. Droughts have become more severe, the most recent lasting over twenty years in parts of the Sahel region. The same process of desertification is taking place across southern Africa as the Kalahari desert advances into Botswana and parts of South Africa.

　　One of the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use, driven by the pressures of increasing population. Over grazing一keeping too many farm animals on the land一means that grasses and other plants cannot recover, and scarce water supplies are exhausted. Over cultivation一trying to grow too many crops on poor land一 results in the soil becoming even less fertile and drier, and beginning to break up.Soil erosion (侵蝕)follows, and the land turns into desert.

　　Another cause of desertification is loss of tree cover. Trees are cut down for use as fuel and toclear land for agricultural use. Tree roots help to bind the soil together, toconserve moisture, and to provide a habitat for other plants and animals. When trees are cut down, the soil begins to dry and loosen, wind and rain erosion increase, other plant species die, and eventually the fertile topsoil may be almost entirely lost, leaving only bare rock and dust.

　　The effects of loss of topsoil and increased drought are irreversible. They are, however, preventable. Careful conservation of tree cover and sustainable agricultural land use have been shown to halt deterioration of soils and lessen the effects of shortage ofrainfall. One project in Kita in south-west Mali funded by UNDP has involved local communities in sustainable management of forest, while at the same time providing a viable(有活力的）agricultural economy. This may be a model for similar projects in other West African countries.

　　36．The Sahel zone is an area which ___.

　　A．is covered with sad and grass

　　B．has a long history

　　C．occupies much of South Nigeria

　　D．belongs to Sudan

　　37．What is the situation about the desertification in Africa?

　　A．The deserts are replaced with grasslands

　　B．The deserts are expanding

　　C．the deserts are moving northwards

　　D．the deserts are being deserted

　　38．The word “deteriorated ” in paragraph 2 means ___.

　　A．deepened

　　B．suffered

　　C．slipped

　　D．worsened

　　39．What is the root cause of desertification?

　　A．poor farming

　　B．overpopulation

　　C．radical climate change

　　D．disappearance of rare plant species

　　40．In order to prevent desertification, the author proposes ___.

　　A．making good use of international aids

　　B．developing a sustainable agricultural economy

　　C．gaining international support

　　D．converting agricultural land into forest

　　答案及解析：

　　36．A　文章首段提出“TheSahel zone lies between the Sahara desert and the fertile savannahs(熱帶大草原）of northern Nigeria and SouthSudan.”指明了薩赫勒地區被沙子和草地覆蓋著。

　　37．B　第二段提到了“Unfortunately,over the last century the Sahara desert has steadilycrept southwards eating into once productive Sahel lands.”crept…eating into都生動形象的表明了沙漠化正在擴張。

　　38．D deteriorated“惡化”，deepened“使加深”， suffered“遭受”，slipped“打滑”，worsened“惡化”，所以選D選項。

　　39．A　文章第三段第一話“Oneof the major causes of this desert advance is poor agricultural land use,driven by the pressures of increasing population.”表明了造成植被退化的主要原因之一是poor agricultural land use,即poor farming，故選A項。

　　40．B　文章最后一段講的'是作者提出的如何預防沙漠化的惡化，從“sustainable management of forest”中作者提議可持續發展農業經濟，可以選出B選項。

　　職稱英語綜合類A真題閱讀理解第2篇 3

　　As many as 10 of the 17 kinds of penguins（企鵝）may be in danger of disappearing.The number of penguins have decreased(減少) by 30% since 1987.

　　Penguins are black and white birds that live in the southern part of the world.They are common in South America，New Zealand，Australia and South Africa.Mary live near cold waters.But some live near warm waters in Galapagos Islands.Penguins cannot fly，but they are fine swimmers.Penguins eat fish and krill(磷蝦).

　　The warming of the earth is the decrease in penguin populations.The heating of the air has caused ocean waters to become warmer.Higher water temperatures have reduced the supply of fish and krill.Some years later these birds are completely unable to reproduce(繁殖).Besides，many adult penguins die of hunger.

　　Widespread(廣泛的) fishing，exploration for oil and oil leaks(漏) also make penguins be in danger.Poisonous organisms(生物) in ocean water are another danger.Penguins also have their enemies，including wild dogs，sharks，seals and sea lions.

　　News about penguins is not all bad，however.Several years ago，oil leaking from a ship hurt 40% of the penguins in South Africa.The penguins became covered with oil.But thousands of people helped clean and treat the birds well.Then they returned the penguins to the wild.Now these South African penguins are reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking.

　　根據短文內容，選擇正確答案。

　　1.Penguins ___________.

　　A.can swim better than fly

　　B.can be found near Oceania (大洋洲)

　　C.eat fish only

　　D.live only in cold waters.

　　2.Which of the following is NOT the cause of penguins decrease in numbers?

　　A.Oil searching.B.Widespread fishing.

　　C.Humans killing.D.Warming of the oceans.

　　3.Why are the penguins in South Africa reproducing in higher numbers than before the oil leaking?

　　A.Because people removed the ship.

　　B.Because people sent a lot of penguins to the wild.

　　C.Because people helped the penguins.

　　D.Because people treated the penguins well.

　　答案及解析：

　　1.選B，我們知道企鵝不會飛，因此A不正確，除了吃魚，他還吃磷蝦，因此C不正確。只能選B。

　　2.選C，本文中并沒有說人類是如何捕殺企鵝，相反，人類對企鵝的態度相當友好。

　　3.選C，根據文章可以判斷是由于人類的.幫助。

　　職稱英語綜合類A真題閱讀理解第2篇 4

　　Gadgets for Work and Play

　　Its 7: 45 in the morning，and 26-year-old Steve Clarkson is going to work.He puts on his jacket，and picks up his mobile phone and laptop.As he leaves the house，he turns on his MP3 player and puts on his headphone.He is ready to go.

　　Today，for millions of people，gadgets like Clarksons are a normal part of life."Im a reporter for a magazine，and Im usually not in the office.My mobile phone and laptop help me to do my work both on the road and at home，"says Clarkson.Today many people can check e-mails,send messages，or surf the Web，using their mobile phones.

　　Tina Fang is studying photography in New York City."Some of these gadgets are expensive，but they can save your money in the long run.I have a digital camera.I can use it to take eighty pictures and shoot video (record an image onto video) at the same time.I listen to music on my MP3 player，and I can download and read books on it，too.I use the camera and MP3 for both learning and fun."

　　Its now 9: 45.Steve Clarkson gets an e-mails from his 17-year-old sister.She has a gadget that lets her send e-mails，play games，and take notes.She is in class right now."I e-mailed her back.I told her to stop playing，and pay attention," laughs Clarkson."These gadgets are fun，but sometimes they can distract(分散注意力) people，too."

　　1.What is Steve Clarkson?

　　A.A student.

　　B.A reporter.

　　C.A businessman.

　　D.A computer programmer.

　　2.Which of the following things is not a gadget?

　　A.A picture.B.A laptop.

　　C.An MP3 player.D.A mobile phone.

　　3.When his sister had lessons，Steve told her _____.

　　A.to pay no attention

　　B.to e-mail him back right away

　　C.to stop playing games

　　D.to listen to music on the MP3 player

　　答案及解析：

　　1．選B，根據第二段中Im a reporter for a magazine，and Im usually not in the office.可知Steve Clarkson是個reporter.

　　2．選A，選項A: a picture不屬于gadget，其他三項均在文中提到過，屬于gadget。

　　3．選C，根據文中"I e-mailed her back.I told her to stop playing，and pay attention，"可知選C。

　　職稱英語綜合類A真題閱讀理解第2篇 5

　　My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening.The accommodation wasnt wonderful，but we had everything we needed (beds，blankets，food)，and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air.

　　On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group.Cameron had come along with two friends，Kevin and Simon，while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda.There were some other members I didnt know.We had come from different places and none of us knew the area.

　　We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors，but none of us was sure exactly how.Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime.Matt and I went to the caves(巖洞) first.Climbing out was harder than going in，but after a good deal of pushing， we were out at last.Though we were covered with mud，we were pleased and excited by what wed done.

　　根據短文內容，選擇正確答案。

　　1.The writer spent the Saturday morning _____.

　　A.rock-climbing

　　B.sleeping

　　C.meeting friends

　　D.caving

　　2.There were _____ members in all in the writers group.

　　A.6 B.8 C.10 D.12

　　3.We can learn from the passage that _____.

　　A.some of the group had been there before

　　B.the group had done rock-climbing many times

　　C.some of the group already knew each other