衛生類職稱英語模擬題及答案
職稱英語考試著重于閱讀理解，為了幫助大家備考職稱英語考試，小編分享了一些衛生類職稱英語模擬題及答案，歡迎閱讀！希望可以幫助到大家！
衛生類職稱英語模擬題及答案 1
第一部分：詞匯選項
下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與劃線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。
1.London quickly became a flourishing port.
A. major
B. large
C. successful
D. commercial
答案：A
2.It was a magic night unitil the spell was broken.
A. charm
B. time
C. space
D. opportunity
答案：A
3.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.
A. prove
B. discover
C. consider
D. imagine
答案：B
4.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.
A. copy
B. publish
C. summarize
D. furnish
答案：D
5.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.
A. excitement
B. anger
C. calm
D. disappointment
答案：D
6.His stomach felt hollow with fear.
A. sincere
B. respectful
C. empty
D. terrible
答案：C
7.His knowledge of French is fair.
A. very useful
B. very limited
C. quite good
D. rather special
答案：C
8.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.
A. inflexible
B. hidden
C. traditional
D. official
答案：A
9.Several windows had been smashed.
A. cleaned
B. broken
C. replaced
D. fixed
答案：B
10.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.
A. homework
B. act
C. justice
D. model
答案：B
11.His professional career spanned 16 years.
A. lasted
B. started
C. changed
D. moved
答案：A
12.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.
A. parts
B. aspects
C. pains
D. results
答案：C
13.The group does not advocate the use of violence.
A. limit
B. regulate
C. oppose
D. support
答案：D
14.The majority of people around here are decent.
A. real
B. honest
C. normal
D. wealthy
答案：D
15.He led a very moral life.
A. human
B. honourable
C. intelligent
D. natural
答案：B
第二部分：閱讀判斷
下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。
Some Schooling on Backpacks
According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. 5.900 kids were treated at hospital emergency rooms, clinics, and doctors’offices last year for sprians(扭傷)and strains caused by backpacks. Such injunes are so widespread that more than 70 percent of physicians as a potential clinical problem for children.
How do you avoid such problems? Choose bags that have wide, padded straps(有墊的'背帶)and a belt. That will help transfer some of the weight from the back and shoulders to the hips. You should also tighten both straps firmly, so the pack rests about 2 inches above your waist. Also, remember to pack your bag with the heaviest items closest to your back and to bend both knees when you pick it up.
I low much should you stuff into your pack? That depends on your size and strength, but a general rule is not to exceed 20 percent of your body weight. So if a child weights 100 pounds, the backpack and its load should not be more than 20 pounds. One hint: Make frequent trips to your locker(儲物柜)to exchange books between classes.
Backpacks with wheels let you pull the weight along the ground,but they have problems too. Many are larger than the average shoulder bag, so students are tempted to carry more than they would in a conventional pack.
Roller bags often don’t fit into a locker. They can also lead to tripping and falls in crowded halls. Whatever you use. 10 or 15 minutes of stretching and back strengthening is a good idea.
16.About six thousand American kids were injured by carrying backpacks last year.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案：B
17.70 percent of UK physicians have treated children with sprains and strains.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案：B
18.Backpacks with wide, padded straps and a belt can help to avoid problems of sprains and strains.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案：A
19.A 100-pound child should carry a backpack of more than 20 pounds.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案：B
20.Children should put all the books in their locker.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案：B
21.Roller bags tend to be heavier than ordinary backpacks.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案：C
22.A 10-15 minutes’exercise will help you bear a heavier backpack.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案：A
第三部分：概括大意與完成句子
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試，任務：(1)1-4題 要求從所給的4個選項中為段每段選擇1個正確的小標題;(2)第5-8題 要求從所給的5個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。
Aromatherapy(芳香療法)
1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁)oil, or they are diluted(稀釋)with water. These solutions(溶液劑)can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷藥)。
2 Many people have aromatherapy massages(按摩),and depending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individuals health and mood at the time, so every session is unique.
3 Praclitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream, where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion, improves the functioning of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomnia(失眠) and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches, anxiety, and mild depression.
4 However, while aromatherapy may have real effects that
promote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects.
23. Paragraph 1 ____________
答案：B
24. Paragraph 2 ____________
答案：C
25. Paragraph 3 ____________
答案：D
26. Paragraph 4 ____________
答案：A
A. Doubts about the benefits aromatherapy
B. Introduction to aromatherapy
C. Personalized aromatherapy massage
D. Different views about aromatherapy
E. Aromatherapy and conventional medicine
F. Current research into aromatherapy
27. Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of the plants to ____.
答案：A
28. The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to ______.
答案：F
29. Aromatherapy is believed to _________ in various ways.
答案B
30. The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to _______.
答案：E
A. have healing effects
B. be used externally
C. be promoted
D. help the disabled
E. be further explored
F. suit different people
第四部分：閱讀理解
短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
第一篇 Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talentedmusician, but you might not be a good reader . Each of us is different .
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words ,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests ,and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test ,do the same on all tests .
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .
Howard Gardner , a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education ,has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one
intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists , he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身體動覺的),and naturalistic .
31.What is the main idea of this passage ?
A. The importance of intelligence .
B. The development of intelligence tests .
C. How to understand intelligence .
D. How to become intelligent .
答案：C
32.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence ?
A. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests .
B. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests .
C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests .
D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests .
答案：A
33.Gardner believes that ________ .
A. all children are alike .
B. children have different intelligences .
C. children should take one intelligence test .
D. there is no general intelligence .
答案：B
34.According to Gardner, schools should ________ .
A. test students’ IQs .
B. train students who do poorly on tests .
C. focus on finding the most intelligent students .
D. promote development of all intelligences .
答案：D
45.Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .
A. biological foundation .
B. musical foundation .
C. intrapersonal foundation .
D. linguistic foundation .
答案：A
第二篇 The Workers Role in Management
Traditionally, it has been the workers role to work and managements role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firms operations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled(被迫的) to obtain the workers opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor——they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.) Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs(失業), often with no warning. At least 90 days notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firms board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvement, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the companys profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.
36.It can be interred from Paragraph 1 that managers________.
A. seldom obtained workers’opinions
B. were not qualified
C. disliked “suggestion boxes”
D. never consulted the labor force.
答案：B
37.In recent years, many management specialists have been arguing that workers________.
A. are no longer sellers of the products
B. are less affected by company decisions than before.
C. are able to make final decisions for the company.
D. should have a say in management of the company.
答案：D
38.The word “rank-and-life”Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to___.
A. senior
B. ordinary
C. intelligent
D. capable
答案：B
39.According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985?
A. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.
B. Workers did not make necessary concession.
C. About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.
D. Many companies were closed because of strikes.
答案：C
40.It not given a voice in managenal decision making workers_____.
A. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity.
B. cannot get a share in the company’s profits.
C. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity.
D. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant.
答案：A
第三篇 Obesity(肥胖) in the Western World
Obesity is rapidly becoming a new scourge of the western world, delegates agreed at the 11th European Conference on the issue in Vienna Wednesday to Saturday. According to statements before the opening of the conference —— of 2,000 specialists from more than 50 countries 一 1. 2 billion people worldwide are overweight, and 250 million are obese.
Professor Bernhard Ludvik of Vienna General Hospital said，“ Obesity is a chronic illness. In Germany，20 per cent of the people are already affected，but in Japan only one per cent. ” But he said that there was hope for sufferers thanks to the new scientific discoveries and medication.
Professor Friedrich Hopichler of Salzberg said, "We are living in the new age (but) with the metabolism(新陳代謝) of a stone-age man" “I have just been to the United States. It is really terrible. A pizza shop is springing up on every comer. We have been overrun by fast food and Coca-Cola-ization. ”
Many of the experts stressed that obesity was a potential killer. Hopichler said, “Eighty percent of all diabetics are obese，also fifty per cent of all patients with high blood pressure and fifty per cent with adipose(脂肪的) tissue complaints. ” "Ten per cent more weight means thirteen per cent more risk of heart disease. Reducing ones weight by ten per cent leads to thirteen per cent lower blood pressure. ”
Another expert Hermann Toplak said that the state health services should improve their financing of preventive programs. "Though the health insurance pays for surgery (such as reducing the size of the stomach) when the body-mass index is more than 40. That is equivalent to a weight of 116 kilograms for a height of 1.70 meters. One should start earlier. ”
Ludvik said that prevention should begin in school. “ Child obesity (fat deposits) correlates(與……相關) with the time which children spend in front of TV sets. ”
The consequences were only apparent later on. No more than fifteen per cent of obese people lived to the average life expectancy for their population group.
41.Which of the following is true about obesi
A. People in Japan needn’t worry about obesity.
B. Obesity is a disease that lasts for a long time.
C.20% of the people in the world are overweight.
D.Obesity should be cured with new medication
42. Which of the following does Prof. Friendrich Hopichler probably agree?
A. Diabetes is mainly caused by obesity.
B. 50% of patients with high blood pressure complained about obesity.
C. The fast food supplied in American pizza shops is tasteless.
D. The more one weights, the more likely he is to suffer from heart disease.
答案：D
43.Hermann Toplak suggested that more money should be spent on_______.
A. health insurance
B. preventive programs
C. state health services
D. obesity-related surgeries
答案：B
44.Which of the following is most often accompanied by obesity?
A. Diabetes
B. High blood pressure
C. Stomachache
D. Adipose tissue complaints
答案：A
45.”The consequences” in the last paragraph result from people_____.
A. reducing their weight
B. eating fast food
C. getting obese
D. spending too much time in front of TV sets
答案：C
第五部分：補全短文
閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據文章的內容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
The Day a Language Died
When Carios Westez died at the age of 76. a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language. Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations. __________(46)They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.
We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world’s ecology(生態).However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages. As well, ___________(47).When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.
Scholars believe there are about 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. _________(48)In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, also are dying out.
Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue. _________(49). The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.
What does it mean when a language disappears? When a plant or insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what we’ve been lost and to appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder Cloud，must be a lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. ____________(50)
A. As these language become more powerful. their use as tools of business and culture increase.
B. For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.
C . These language don’t have many native speakers.
D . However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.
E . Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction(滅絕).
F . Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart.
答案：
46、F ;47、A ;48、C;49、D;50、B
第六部分：完形填空
閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個選項，請根據短文的內容從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案。
Teaching and Learning Medicine Award
Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday , kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.
Australian-born U.S. citizen Elizabeth Blackbum and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical________(51)for their enzyme(酶)research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.
Only seven women have_______(52)the medicine prize since the first Nobel prizes were________(53) out in 1901. The last female winner was U.S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who_______(54)the prize with Richard Axel.
Among the pair’s possible_______(55)are Frenchman Piene Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who_________(56) up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors(核激素受體).
As usual,the award committee is giving no_________(57) about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm’s Karolinska institute.
Alfred Nobel, the Swede who__________(58) dynamite(炸藥) established the prizes in his will in the__________(59) of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace.The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden’s central bank.
Nobel left few instructions on how to_________(60) winners, but medicine winners are typically__________(61) for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.
Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor(瑞典克朗) prize encourages_________(62) research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.
“Individual researchers probably don’t__________(63) at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they’re__________(64) work,” Jornvall told the Associated Press. They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life___________(65).
51. A. signs B. Claims C. deals D. honors
52. A. lost B. taken C.won D. snatched
53. A. Handed B. Shouted C. read D. delivered
54. A. had B .received C. shared D. collected
55. A. rivals B. matches C. counterparts D. partners
56. A. backed B. opened C. picked D. worked
57. A. proposals B. suggestions C. ideas D. hints
58. A. saw B. discovered C. invented D. heard
59. A. groups B. divisions C. samples D. categories
60. A. find B. select C. locate D. search
61. A. awarded B. sent C. invited D .demanded
62. A. ordinary B. historical C. ongoing D. groundbreaking
63. A. regard B. laugh C. look D. smile
64. A. on B. for C. with D. at
65. A. means B. passes C. functions D. rises
答案：
51-55 DCACA
56-60 BDCDB
61-65 ADCDC
衛生類職稱英語模擬題及答案 2
詞匯選項
1.The study has posed a question about this nature.
A. supported
B. cancelled
C. aroused
D. raised
2.The judges must exercise the power to end the case.
A. make
B. use
C. have
D. watch
3.What people often talk about is their dream.
A. worry
B. show
C. reduce
D. mention
4.If we had discussed it with the manager, he would have surely agreed with it.
A. unnecessarily
B. simply
C. certainly
D. possibly
5.Please dont refuse his help because he is so kind a man.
A. turn down
B. go down
C. put down
D. pull down
6.The factory can produce a lot of rubbish every day.
A. make
B. apply
C. finish
D. reduce
7.Tell me the exact time when the next train will arrive.
A. aware
B. accurate
C. actual
D. abroad
8.Ones education background often affects his or her way of life.
A. method
B. road
C. style
D. plan
9.The girl felt shy and uneasy when she was asked to answer the teachers question.
A. difficult
B. stupid
C. foolish
D. worried
10. He has a lot of wealth and then he is so generous.
A. chance
B. source
C. property
D. information
11. Parents should not only complain to teachers for students performance.
A. feel unhappy
B. say badthings
C. care
D. praise
12. This program is so boring that I dont want to watch it anymore.
A. interesting
B. exciting
C. lazy
D. dull
13. What were the effects of the action she took?
A. reasons
B. results
C. causes
D. bases
14. People havent realized the seriousness which this earthquake has caused.
A. known
B. thought
C. doubted
D. remembered
15. The government should take measures immediately.
A. far away
B. right away
C. right here
D. all right
16. The firemen acted quickly because lives were at stake.
A. in danger
B. in despair
C. in condition
D. in control
17. John talked over the new program with his workmates.
A. discussed
B. mentioned
C. accepted
D. rejected
18. They are ready to try their way to solve the problem.
A. grow
B. wrap
C. hide
D. test
19. The workers finally called offthe strike.
A. put off
B. ended
C. cancelled
D. took off
20. The government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices since the drought.
A. slight
B. surprising
C. sudden
D. harmful
閱讀判斷
第一篇
Black Holes
Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate. A black hole in the universe is not a solid object, like a planet, but it is shaped like a sphere (球體). Astronomers(天文學家) think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite (無限的) density (稠密). This single point is called a singularity (奇點). If the singularity theory is correct, it means that when a massive star collapses, all the material in it disappears into the singularity. The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all, but an infinitely dense point.
Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity.
Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe. These are the reasons.
No light or anything else comes out of black holes. As a result, they are invisible to a telescope.
In astronomical terms, black holes are truly. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon (視界) only 18 miles across.
The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trillion (萬億) miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance.
In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still answers to be found, however, so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe.
1. Black holes are part of space.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
2. Black holes exist but are difficult to observe.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
3. The center of a black hole is empty.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
4. The attraction of two large stars leads to gravity.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
5. The sun is the heaviest star in the universe.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
6. The nearest black holes are hundreds of light years away from us.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
7. The Hubble Space Telescope helps scientists to understand the nature of the universe.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
閱讀理解
第一篇
U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Chiltd Health Study in January
A study that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of100,000 U.S. children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January, U. S. health officials said on Friday.
Officials from the U. S. governments National Institutes of Health said they hope the study, to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States, can help identify early-life influences that affect later development, with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.
The study will examine hereditary and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.
Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air, water, dust and materials used to construct their residences, the NIH said.
Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion.
"We anticipate that in the long term, what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nations health care costs," Dr. Duane Alexander, who heads the NIHs Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, told reporters.
The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.
Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth, which has become more common in recent years, according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH, who heads the study.
The people taking part will be from rural, urban and suburban areas, from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups, the NIH said.
1. The aim of the study is to find new ways to __________.
A. conduct research
B. track public health
C. prevent or treat illness
D. speed up development
2. Researchers will collect all the following EXCEPT__________.
A. genetic samples from people in the study
B. biological samples from people in the study
C. samples from the homes of the women and their babies
D. samples of air and water from hospitals
3. It is expected that through the study the nations health care costs __________.
A. will be lowered in the long run
B. will be significantly increased
C. will be more than $200 million
D. will reach $3.2 billion
4. The babies of the participants will be followed __________.
A. throughout their lives
B. for more than two decades
C. from birth to 21 months
D. until they get married
5. Which is NOT true of the people in the study?
A. Theyll be from various areas.
B. Theyll be from all income levels.
C. Theyll be from all educational levels.
D. Theyll be from all age groups.
U. S. Life Expectancy Hits New High
Life expectancy rates in the United States are at an all-time high, with people born in 2005 projected to live for nearly 78 years, a new federal study finds.
The finding reflects a continuing trend of increasing life expectancy that began in 1955, when the average American lived to be 69.6 years old. By 1995, life expectancy was 75.8 years, and by2005, it had risen to 77.9 years, according to the report released Wednesday.
"This is good news." said report co-author Donna Hoyert, a health scientist at the National Center for Health Statistics. "Its even better news that it is a continuation of trends, so it is a long period of continuing improvement."
Despite the upward trend, the United States still has a lower life expectancy than some 40 other countries, according to the U. S. Census (人口普查)Bureau. The country with the longest life expectancy is Andorra at 83.5 years, followed by Japan, Macau, San Marino and Singapore.
Much of the increase owes to declining death rates from the three leading causes of death in the country-heart disease, cancer and stroke.
In addition, in 2005, the U. S. death rate dropped to an all-time low of less than- 800 deaths per100,000.
Dr. David Katz, director of the Prevention Research Center at Yale University School of Medicine, said, "News that life expectancy is increasing is, of course, good. But the evidence we have suggests that there is more chronic disease than ever in the U. S."
Adding years to life is a good thing, Katz said. "But adding vital life to years is at least equally important. If we care about living well, and not just longer, we still have our work cutout for us." he said.
6. Since 1955, life expectancy rates in the U. S. have ___________.
A. moved up and down
B. been declining
G. remained steady
D. been on the rise
7. Compared with the country with the longest life expectancy, the U. S. is__________.
A. nearly 3 years behind
B. nearly 4 years behind
C. nearly 6 years behind
D. nearly 8 years behind
8. The increase in the U. S. life expectancy is mostly due to __________.
A. declining death rates from heart disease, cancer and stroke
B. increasing life expectancy rates in some other countries
C. a rise in the rate of chronic disease
D. a declining birth rate
9. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The U. S. life expectancy is at an all-time high.
B. The U. S. death rate was at an all-time low in 2005.
C. Chronic disease appears to be at an all-time high in the U. S.
D. The annual death rate in the U. S. is over 800 deaths per 100,000.
10. The expression "adding vital life to years" in the last paragraph means__________.
A. living longer
B. living well
C. living longer and well
D. living at any cost
Medical Education
In 18th century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at Kings College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.
Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of Kings College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University.
In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私營的) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association(AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners (開業醫師) that survive to this day.
By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 1424 medical colleges recognized by the Liaison(聯絡) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. D. degree; during the 1987-1988academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (實習期) , receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.
11. In 18th century America, higher institutions of learning that taught medicine __________.
A. did not exist
B. were few in number
C. were better than those in Europe
D. were known for their teaching hospitals
12. Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America __________.
A. had established professionals
B. had good facilities
C. had high standards
D. were in poor conditions
13. The AMA and AAMC established standards so as to __________.
A. recruit more students
B. set up more schools of medicine
C. ensure the quality of medical teaching and practice
D. prevent medical schools from making huge profits
14. After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice __________.
A. if they have worked in a laboratory
B. if they have studied abroad for some time
C. if they have obtained an M. D. degree
D. if they have passed an examination
15. This passage is mainly about __________.
A. how medicine is taught in America
B. how medical education has developed in America
C. how the American educational system works
D. how one can become a good doctor
概括大意
Music Used as a Healing Therapy
1 Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems. In 400BC, its healing properties were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently, in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy (療法) with people suffering from trauma (外傷). Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer, and it has also been used by patients with long-term pain and learning disabilities.
2 There is growing evidence that music can cause physical changes to the body which can improve our health. In the Welcome Trust Study, which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London, patients were asked to listen to musical performances. As a result, it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced, recovery times were improved, and fewer drugs were needed.
3 These very positive results are partly due to general well-being (良好的健康狀況). It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to life. They are more likely to feel better and recover from disease quickly. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process.
4 However, not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. Music has other effects which have not yet been understood. According to Professor Robertson, a scientist and musician, some effects of music are mysterious and are, therefore, being investigated further. It has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimulate the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles.
5 Science, however, demands facts and hard evidence. Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music, since reports have been based mainly on various stories of evidence. These new studies could provide proof to doctors that music is a suitable treatment for many conditions. One day doctors may even "prescribe" (開處方) music, but that could be a long time in the future.
1. Paragraph 1 __________
2. Paragraph 2__________
3. Paragraph 3 __________
4. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Potential dangers of music therapy
B. Increase in general well-being
C. History of music therapy
D. Other mysterious effects of music
E. Positive physical changes caused by music
F. Music and your body
5. Researchers have found that patients stress levels decrease when they __________.
6. Music can treat patients partly because __________.
7. Those who always look on the bright side of life are more likely to __________.
8. Many doctors dont believe that music can treat diseases because __________.
A. recover from disease quickly
B. there is not enough hard evidence
C. use their minds actively
D. it improves general well-being
E. listen to musical performances
F. it brings many other benefits
完型填空
Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to "self-medicate" against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually 1 depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived2benefits of smoking among teens," says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. "3 cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating4or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires 5 their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools6in high, moderate and low socio-economic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three7: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical8; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate.
Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had 9 going to sleep or staying10; felt unhappy, sad, or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood 11 had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked," says co-researcher Jennifer OLoughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. "Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of 12.depressive symptoms."
The 13 between depression and smoking exists 14among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "Its 15to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr.Chaiton.
1.A. examine
B. increase
C. decrease
D. diagnose
2.A. social
B. financial
C. emotional
D. political
3.A. Whatever
B. Although
C. Whenever
D. what
4.A. effects
B. methods
C. steps
D. directions
5.A. beside
B. beyond
C. in
D. about
6.A. exposed
B. expanded
C. located
D. detected
7.A. groups
B. sets
C. species
D. versions
8.A. world
B. activity
C. state
D. beauty
9.A. time
B. courage
C. energy
D. trouble
10. A. asleep
B. awake
C. still
D. silent
11. A. reducers
B. improvers
C. creators
D. removers
12. A. changing
B. identifying
C. developing
D. overcoming
13. A. difference
B. association
C. cooperation
D. agreement
14. A. occasionally
B. scarcely
C. probably
D. principally
15. A. illogical
B. unscientific
C. meaningless
D. important
補全短文
Bomb Explosions in Thailand
The new year celebration in Thailand was shattered by violence, when nine bombs exploded across Bangkok around midnight. Three Thai citizens were killed and more than 30 injured.
Among the injured, six were foreigners. No Chinese casualties were reposed, the Chinese Embassy in Bangkok, the capital, said on Monday.1 But other embassies have advised their citizens to avoid traveling to Bangkok. "There is a possibility of further attacks in coming days, "said a travel advisory (公告) from Australia. "Australians are urged to avoid unnecessary travel in Bangkok."
No terrorist group claimed responsibility for the bombings by Tuesday.2 Bombings and shootings occur almost daily in Thailands three southernmost provinces. Yala, Naarathiwat and Pattani have a dominant Muslim population and have long complained of neglect (忽視) and discrimination (歧視) in the largely Buddhist (佛教徒的) nation. They have asked for independence and a separate Islamic (伊斯蘭的') state. Since 2004, the insurgents (叛亂者) have carried out numerous attacks in the south and more than 1,900 people have been killed.3
But Thai Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont said on Monday that domestic politics rather than the Muslim insurgency was behind the bombings. "It is likely related to people who lost their political benefits," Surayud said, referring to Thaksin Shinawatra.
4 Surayud was later appointed interim (臨時的) prime minister. Thaksin, however, still enjoys widespread support, especially in the countryside.
5 Thaksins lawyer, Noppadol Patama, denied his clients involvement in the bombings, according to a local website.
A. Some believe the explosions were the work of Muslim separatists.
B. Some believe that several senior army officers loyal to Thaksin plotted the bombings with ousted (趕下臺) politicians to discredit (敗壞名聲) the govemment.
C. Thaksin was ousted in a military coup (政變) last September.
D. The Thai Government has been unable to control the violence, though thousands of troops have been sent to the south.
E. The embassy issued no travel warnings.
F. Nobody is to blame.
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