考研英語閱讀理解歷年真題

時(shí)間：2023-09-27 11:10:03 偲穎英語閱讀

考研英語閱讀理解歷年真題

　　考研英語在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中，要總結(jié)適合自己的方法，發(fā)現(xiàn)缺點(diǎn)及時(shí)糾正并在下次做題中避免發(fā)生類似錯(cuò)誤，下面是小編給大家提供的考研英語閱讀理解的歷年真題及答案，一起來看一下吧。

考研英語閱讀理解歷年真題

　　歷年真題1：

　　第一篇：

　　In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the battle of the sexes.

　　If the process goes too far and mans role is regarded as less important - and that has happened in some cases-we are as badly of as before, only in reverse.

　　It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired ofmonism, - but we dont want to exchange it for aneo-popism.What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals.

　　There are signs that psychatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit not all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a womans place is the home. We are beginning, however, o analyze mens place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.

　　The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.

　　Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.

　　86. From the passage we know that the author is very concerned with the role that.

　　A)parents play in bringing up their children

　　B)men play in a family

　　C)women play in a family

　　D)equality plays in a family

　　87. The author means to tell us that

　　A)a mans place is in the home

　　B)a womans place is in the home

　　C)a woman should be equal to a man

　　D)a man should have an equal share in family matters

　　88. According to the author, a healthy family should be based on.

　　A) cooperation

　　B) momism

　　C)authoritarianism

　　D) neo-popism

　　89. Who will benefit most from a family pattern of sharing in tasks and decisions?

　　A)The children.

　　B) The man.

　　C)The woman

　　D) The psychologist.

　　90. We may safely conclude from the passage that.

　　A)male superiority maintains a healthy family

　　B)authority and democracy are very essential to a healthy family

　　C)authoritarianism does no good to a healthy family

　　D)women should be equal to men

　　第二篇：

　　A mysteriousblack cloudapproaches the earth-our planets weather is severely affected.

　　Throughout the rest of June and July temperatures rose steadily all over the Earth. In the British isles the temperature climbed through the eighties, into the nineties, and moved towards the hundred mark. People complained, but there was no serious disaster.

　　The death number in the U. S. Remained quite small, thanks largely to the air-conditioning units that had been fitted during previous years and month.Temperatures rose to the limit of human endurance throughout the whole country and people were obliged to remain indoors for weeks on end. Occasionally air-conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred.

　　Conditions were utterly desperate throughout the tropics(熱帶地區(qū))as may be judged from the fact that 7943 species of plants and animals became totally extinct. The survival of　Man himself was only possible because of the caves and cellars(地窖)he was able to dig. Nothing could be done to reduce the hot air temperature. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives.

　　Eventually the temperature of the surface waters of the sea rose, not so fast as the air temperature it is true, but fast enough to produce a dangerous increase of humidity(濕度). It was indeed this increase that produced the disastrous conditions just remarked. Millions of people between the latitudes of Cairo and the Cape of Good Hope were subjected to a choking atmosphere that grew damper and hotter from day to day. All human movement ceased. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather.

　　By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The temperature declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the Suns radiation back into space, But conditions could not be said to have improved. Warm rain fell everywhere, even as far north as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to them as it was unfavorable to Man many other animals.

　　81. In the British Isles the temperature.

　　A)stayed at eighty

　　B)ranged from eighty to ninety

　　C)approached one hundred

　　D)exceeded the hundred mark

　　82. Few people in the United States lost their lives because.

　　A)the temperature was tolerable

　　B)people remained indoors for weeks

　　C)the government had taken effective measures to reduce the hot temperature

　　D)people were provided with the most comfortable air-conditioners

　　83. Millions of people in Cairo(開羅)and the Cape of Good Hope(好望角)were subjected to a choking atmosphere because.

　　A)the temperature grew extremely hot

　　B)the temperature became damper and hotter as the humidity of the surface waters of the sea increased

　　C)their conditions were too dangerous

　　D)nothing could be done with the hot temperature

　　84. By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics were such that.

　　A)human survival would be impossible

　　B)more and more people would lose their lives

　　C)fewer people could be saved

　　D)survival or death was still undecided

　　85. The insect population increased due to.

　　A)the hot air

　　B) the tropical climate

　　C)the rain clouds

　　D)the damp atmosphere

　　參考答案：

　　第一篇：1.B　2.D　3.A　4.A　5.B

　　第二篇：1.C　2.D　3.B　4.D　5.A

　　歷年真題2：

　　Investigators of monkey’s social behavior have always been struck by monkeys’ aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys’ social behavior.

　　Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment: hungry monkeys would fight over food, thirsty monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, at time more than one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form of aggression. However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwick’s on the reduction of space or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intragroup aggression. Indeed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression.

　　Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group. Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.

　　These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationship.When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization, the newcomer meets even more serious aggression. Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit. The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple target.If, however, the several animals introduced a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing group as a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat. The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups therefore seem to be organized primarily to maintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.

　　1. The author of the text is primarily concerned with

　　[A] advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey’s social behavior.

　　[B] comparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeys.

　　[C] explaining the reasons for researcher’s interest in monkey’s social behavior.

　　[D] discussing the development of investigators’ theories about aggression among monkeys.

　　2. Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the text about the effects of food deprivation on monkeys’ behavior?

　　[A] Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.

　　[B] Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.

　　[C] Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting, but it produces only temporary increase among monkeys in the wild.

　　[D] Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys, but it also leads to a decrease in conflict.

　　3. The text suggests that investigators of monkeys’ social behavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because

　　[A] aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeys.

　　[B] successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey group.

　　[C] situation that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratory.

　　[D] most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet they live in social units that could not function without control of their aggressive impulses.

　　4. The text supplies information to answer which of the following questions?

　　[A] How does the reduction of space affect intragroup aggression among monkeys in an experimental setting?

　　[B] Do family units within a monkey social group compete with other family units for food?

　　[C] What are the mechanisms by which the social order of an established group of monkeys controls aggression within that group?

　　[D] How do monkeys engaged in aggression with other monkeys signal submission?

　　5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?

　　[A] A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.

　　[B] A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it is cited.

　　[C] Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.

　　[D] Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.

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